morse.txt This information was taken from KENT MORSE KEYS Web Site, read full screen with word wrap on. MORSE CODE, INTERNATIONAL EXTENSIONS AND ABBREVIATED NUMBERS A ·- B -··· C -·-· D -·· E · F ··-· G --· H ···· I ·· J ·--- K -·- L ·-·· M -- N -· O --- P ·--· Q --·- R ·-· S ··· T - U ··- V ···- W ·-- X -··- Y -·-- Z --·· 1 ·---- 2 ··--- 3 ···-- 4 ····- 5 ····· 6 -···· 7 --··· 8 ---·· 9 ----· 0 ----- Period . ·-·-·- Comma , --··-- Slash / -··-· Plus + ·-·-· Equal = -···- Question ? ··--·· Open Paren ( -·--· Close Paren ) -·--·- Dash - -····- Quote " ·-··-· Underscore _ ··--·- Single Quote ' ·----· Colon : (1) ---··· Semicolon ; -·-·-· Dollar Sign $ ···-··- Warning .-..- Error ........ Repetition (ii ii) .. .. NOTES (1) also: 'divided by'< INTERNATIONAL EXTENSIONS `A acute ·--·- A-corona .--.- Ä umlaut (1) ·-·- `E acute ··-·· ~N tilde --·-- Ü umlaut (1) ··-- Ö umlaut (1) ---· ! -·-·-- CH (2) ---- OR BAR CH NOTES (1) Note: 'umlaut' is also known as 'diaeresis' (2) Used only in German; not in Dutch. ABBREVIATED NUMBERS Typically Used In Contests 1 ·- 2 ··- 3 ·-- 4 ···- 5 ··· 6 -··· 7 --· 8 -·· 9 -· 0 - Character Spacing and Calculating Morse Code Speed The word PARIS is the standard for determing CW code speed. Each dit is one element, each dah is three elements, intra-character spacing is one element, inter-character spacing is three elements and inter-word spacing is seven elements. The word PARIS is exactly 50 elements. Note that after each dit/dah of the letter P -- one element spacing is used except the last one. (Intra-Character). After the last dit of P is sent, 3 elements are added (Inter-Character). After the word PARIS - 7 elements are used. Thus: P di da da di 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 (3) = 14 elements A di da 1 1 3 (3) = 8 elements R di da di 1 1 3 1 1 (3) = 10 elements I 1 1 1 (3) = 6 elements S di di di 1 1 1 1 1 [7] = 12 elements Total = 50 elements () = intercharacter [] = interword If you send PARIS 5 times in a minute (5WPM) you have sent 250 elements (using correct spacing). 250 elements into 60 seconds per minute = 240 milliseconds per element. 13 words-per-minute is one element every 92.31 milliseconds. The Farnsworth method sends the dits and dahs and intra-character spacing at a higher speed, then increasing the inter-character and inter-word spacing to slow the sending speed down to the overall speed. For example, to send at 5 wpm with 13 wpm characters in Farnsworth method, the dits and intra-character spacing would be 92.3 milliseconds, the dah would be 276.9 milliseconds, the inter-character spacing would be 1.443 seconds and inter-word spacing would be 3.367 seconds. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSIGNS FOR MORSE CODE Prosigns are symbols formed by running together two characters into one(without the intercharacter space)to make an abbreviation for the most common procedural signals. Usually written with a BAR over the characters. AR ----- End of message AS ----- Stand by BK ----- Invite receiving station to transmit BT ----- Pause; Break For Text KA ----- Beginning of message KN ----- end of transmission CL ----- Going off the air (clear) CQ ----- Calling any amateur radio station K ------ Go, invite any station to transmit KN ----- Go only, invite a specific station to transmit R ------ All received OK SK ----- End of contact (sent before call) VE ----- Understood (VE) CW ABBREVIATIONS AA - All after AB - All before ABT - About ADEE - Addressee ADR - Address AGN - Again AM - Amplitude Modulation ANT - Antenna BCI - Broadcast Interference BCL - Broadcast Listener BCNU - Be seeing you BK - Break, Break in BN - All between; Been BT - Separation (break) between addr & text; between txt & signature BTR - Better BUG - Semi-Automatic key B4 - Before C - Yes, Correct CFM - Confirm; I confirm CK - Ckeck CKT - Circuit CL - I am closing my station; Call CLBK - Callbook CLD - Called CLG - Calling CNT - Can't CONDX - Conditions CQ - Calling any station CU - See You CUL - See You later CUM - Come CW - Continuous wave DA - Day DE - From, This Is DIFF - Difference DLD - Delivered DLVD - Delivered DN - Down DR - Dear DX - Distance EL - Element ES - And FB - Fine Business, excellent FER - For FM - Frequency Modulation: From GA - Go ahead; Good Afternoon GB - Good bye, God Bless GD - Good GE - Good Evening GESS - Guess GG - Going GM - Good morning GN - Good night GND - Ground GUD - Good GV - Give GVG - Giving HH - Error in sending HI - The telegraph laugh; High HPE - Hope HQ - Headquarters HR - Here; Hear HV - Have HW - How, How Copy? IMI - Repeat, Say Again INFO - Info LID - A poor operator LNG - Long LTR - Later; letter LV - Leave LVG - Leaving MA - Millamperes MILL - Typewiter MILS - Millamperes MSG - Message; Prefix to radiogram N - No, Negative, Incorrect, No More NCS - Net Control Station ND - Nothing Doing NIL - Nothing; I have nothing for you NM - No more NR - Number NW - Now; I resume transmission OB - Old boy OC - Old chap OM - Old man OP - Operator OPR - Operator OT - Old timer; Old top PBL - Preamble PKG - Package PSE - Please PT - Point PWR - Power PX - Press R - Received as transmitted; Are; Decimal Point RC - Ragchew RCD - Received RCVR - Receiver RE - Concerning; Regarding REF - Refer to; Referring to; Reference RFI - Radio frequency interference RIG - Station equipment RPT - Repeat, Report RTTY - Radio teletype RST - Readability, strength, tone RX - Receive, Receiver SASE - Self-addressed, stamped envelope SED - Said SEZ - Says SGD - Signed SIG - Signature; Signal SINE - Operator's personal initials or nickname SKED - Schedule SRI - Sorry SS - Sweepstakes SSB - Single Side Band STN - Station SUM - Some SVC - Service; Prefix to service message T - Zero TFC - Traffic TMW - Tomorrow TKS - Thanks TNX - Thanks TR - Transmit T/R - Transmit/Receive TRIX - Tricks TT - That TTS - That is TU - Thank you TVI - Television interference TX - Transmitter; Transmit TXT - Text U - You UR - Your; You're URS - Yours VFB - Very fune business VFO - Variable Frequency Oscillator VY - Very W - Watts WA - Word after WB - Word before WD - Word WDS - Words WID - With WKD - Worked WKG - Working WL - Well; Will WPM - Words Per Minute WRD - Word WUD - Would WX- Weather XCVR - Transceiver XMTR - Transmitter XTAL - Crystal XYL - Wife YL - Young lady YR - Year 30 - I have no more to send 73 - Best Regards 88 - Love and kisses 161 - 73+88=161 The RST System The RST System of Signal Reporting has been used for years (circa 1934)as a shorthand method of reporting Readibility, Signal Strength and for CW, Tone (i.e., quality of the CW tone). For voice contacts only the R and S are used. The S component is usually not the same as your S-Meter reading as most S-Meters aren't calibrated to track the RST System. The RST is also reported on QSL Cards and must be filled in correctly -- e.g., a 569 report for a Voice Contact is invalid. Note that many DX operations and contest stations merely report 59(9) as a convenience to avoid having to log each of the real reports. A questionable practice but a fact of DXing/Contesting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- READABILTY 1 -- Unreadable 2 -- Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable 3 -- Readable with considerable difficulty 4 -- Readable with practically no difficulty 5 -- Perfectly readable SIGNAL STRENGTH 1 -- Faint signals, barely perceptible 2 -- Very weak signals 3 -- Weak signals 4 -- Fair signals 5 -- Fairly good signals 6 -- Good signals 7 -- Moderately strong signals 8 -- Strong signals 9 -- Extremely strong signals TONE 1 -- Sixty cycle a.c. or less, very rough and broad 2 -- Very rough a.c. , very harsh and broad 3 -- Rough a.c. tone, rectified but not filtered 4 -- Rough note,some trace of filtering 5 -- Filtered rectified a.c.but strongly ripple-modulated 6 -- Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation 7 -- Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation 8 -- Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation 9 -- Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind Infrequently used is the addition of a letter to the end of the 3 numbers. These are: X = the signal is rock steady like a crystal controlled signal; C = the signal is chirpy as the frequency varies slightly with keying; and K = the signal has key clicks. X is from the early days of radio when such steady signals were rare. Today most all signals could be given an X but it is hardly ever used. It is helpful to report a chirpy or clicky signal by using the C or K, e.g. 579C or 579K. Q-Signals For Amateur Radio Operators Q-Sig Message QRA What is the name of your station? The name of my station is ___. QRB How far are you from my station? I am ____ km from you station QRD Where are you bound and where are you coming from? I am bound ___ from ___. QRG Will you tell me my exact frequency? Your exact frequency is ___ kHz. QRH Does my frequency vary? Your frequency varies. QRI How is the tone of my transmission? The tone of your transmission is ___ (1-Good, 2-Variable, 3-Bad.) QRJ Are you receiving me badly? I cannot receive you, your signal is too weak. QRK What is the intelligibility of my signals? The intelligibility of your signals is ___ (1-Bad, 2-Poor, 3-Fair, 4-Good, 5-Excellent.) QRL Are you busy? I am busy, please do not interfere QRM Is my transmission being interfered with? Your transmission is being interfered with ___ (1-Nil, 2-Slightly, 3-Moderately, 4-Severly, 5-Extremely.) QRN Are you troubled by static? I am troubled by static ___ (1-5 as under QRM.) QRO Shall I increase power? Increase power. QRP Shall I decrease power? Decrease power. QRQ Shall I send faster? Send faster (___ WPM.) QRR Are you ready for automatic operation? I am ready for automatic operation. Send at ___ WPM. QRS Shall I send more slowly? Send more slowly (___ WPM.) QRT Shall I stop sending? Stop sending. QRU Have you anything for me? I have nothing for you. QRV Are you ready? I am ready. QRW Shall I inform ___ that you are calling? Please inform ___ that I am calling. QRX When will you call me again? I will call you again at ___ hours. QRY What is my turn? Your turn is numbered ___. QRZ Who is calling me? You are being called by ___. QSA What is the strength of my signals? The strength of your signals is ___ (1-Scarcely perceptible, 2-Weak, 3-Fairly Good, 4-Good, 5-Very Good.) QSB Are my signals fading? Your signals are fading. QSD Is my keying defective? Your keying is defective. QSG Shall I send ___ messages at a time? Send ___ messages at a time. QSJ What is the charge to be collected per word to ___ including your international telegraph charge? The charge to be collected per word is ___ including my international telegraph charge. QSK Can you hear me between you signals and if so can I break in on your transmission? I can hear you between my signals, break in on my transmission. QSL Can you acknowledge receipt? I am acknowledging receipt. QSM Shall I repeate the last message which I sent you? Repeat the last message. QSN Did you hear me on ___ kHz? I did hear you on ___ kHz. QSO Can you communicate with ___ direct or by relay? I can communicate with ___ direct (or by relay through ___.) QSP Will you relay to ___? I will relay to ___. QSQ Have you a doctor on board? (or is ___ on board?) I have a doctor on board (or ___ is on board.) QSU Shall I send or reply on this frequency? Send a series of Vs on this frequency. QSV Shall I send a series of Vs on this frequency? Send a series of Vs on this frequency. QSW Will you send on this frequency? I am going to send on this frequency. QSY Shall I change to another frequency? Change to another frequency. QSZ Shall I send each word or group more than once? Send each word or group twice (or ___ times.) QTA Shall I cancel message number ___? Cancel message number ___. QTB Do you agree with my counting of words? I do not agree with your counting of words. I will repeat the first letter or digit of each word or group. QTC How many messages have you to send? I have ___ messages for you. QTE What is my true bearing from you? Your true bearing from me is ___ degrees. QTG Will you send two dashes of 10 seconds each followed by your call sign? I am going to send two dashes of 10 seconds each followed by my call sign. QTH What is your location? My location is ___. QTI What is your true track? My true track is ___ degrees. QTJ What is your speed? My speed is ___ km/h. QTL What is your true heading? My true heading is ___ degrees. QTN At what time did you depart from ___? I departed from ___ at ___ hours. QTO Have you left dock (or port)? I have left dock (or port). QTP Are you going to enter dock (or port)? I am goin gto enter dock (or port.) QTQ Can you communicate with my station by meains of the International Code of Signals? I am going to communicate with your staion by means of the International Code of Signals. QTR What is the correct time? The time is ___. QTS Will you send your call sign for ___ minutes so that your frequency can be measured? I will send my call sign for ___ minutes so that my frequency may be measured. QTU What are the hours during which your station is open? My station is open from ___ hours to ___ hours. QTV Shall I stand guard for you on the frequency of ___ kHz? Stand guard for me on the frequency of ___ kHz. QTX Will you keep your station open for further communication with me? I will keep my station open for further communication with you. QUA Have you news of ___? I have news of ___. QUB Can you give me information concering visibility, height of cluds, direction and velocity of ground wind at ___? Here is the information you requested... QUC What is the number of the last message you received from me? The number of the last message I received from you is ___. QUD Have you received the urgency signal sent by ___? I have received the urgency signal sent by ___. QUF Have you received the distress signal sent by ___? I have received the distress signal sent by ___. QUG Will you be forced to land? I am forced to land immediately. QUH Will you give me the present barometric pressure? The present barometric pressure is ___ (units). Note that Q signals can take the form of a question when followed by a question mark.